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Sabtu, 18 Februari 2012

Paper : The Importanance of Sex Education for Students


“The Importance of Sex  Education for Students”
Chapter  1
Introduction

1.1. Background
Today, Indonesia is experiencing an intense period of development, both in terms of economic development and socio-cultural development. One aspect of social change evident in Indonesia is related to sex. Teenagers and young people are changing their attitudes, ideas and behaviour in relation to sex. Amongst these groups, higher rates of pre-marital and high-risk sexual behaviour are being recorded by various NGO’s working in the area of reproductive health. A number of associated social problems have emerged such as high rates of unplanned teen pregnancy, high rates of transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections including HIV/AIDS, and a general lack of understanding regarding sex. These aspects reveal a lack of an adequate Sexual and Reproductive Health Education program institutionalised across schools of Indonesia.
This paper focuses on the school environment as one institution in society that has the opportunity to reach a large proportion of Indonesia’s youth, because schools have a great role to play in protecting youth today’s  with knowledge.
   However, it is evident that few schools are taking advantage of this opportunity and most are providing limited Sexual and Reproductive Health Education. With little support or guidance from the government, schools provide 2 what information they see fit, largely influenced by the religious and societal norms surrounding the school. As a result, Sex Education in Indonesia is limited, with a focus on the biological side of reproductive health, and Abstinence-Only focused lessons.

In some schools, Sexual and Reproductive Health Education was quite limited, while others utilised community resources such as the services of NGO’s to provide a fuller and more rounded program to students.
Students today are, in general, supportive of Sex Education. While significantly more
Westernised than their parent’s generation, Indonesian youth of today still hold religious values quite highly. In relation to Sexual and Reproductive Health, the students researched in this field study were keen to have more access to knowledge, provided by schools as a trusted source of information and provided in such a way as to be in harmony with their religious values. If such information was unavailable in schools, youth were likely to go to the mass media (especially the internet and various popular pornographic materials) for such information.
The topic of sex in general is still regarded as somewhat taboo in Indonesia, and is not generally discussed in clear terms. This is an attitude that is changing with time.

1.2  Problem Statements
     Based on the description above, we can be drawn the problems that will be discussed in writing of this paper, that is:
a.  Why is Sex Education important ?
b. What kind of sex education can be taught to students ?
c. What is the negative and positive impact of giving sex education in school ?
1.3 The Purpose of Writing
In accordance with the problems above, the goals to be achieved in this study are :
a. To Know the reason why is sex education important.
b.  To know what  kinds of sex education  can be taught to students.
c.  To know the negative and positive impact of giving sex education in school.
1.4  The benefits of writing
a.   Increase the knowledge or  insight of readers about various things concerning the importance of sex education, especially for teenagers and students.
b. A reference for parents to better supervise their children again in the association and in face of globalization that bring  many changes and influence for students.
c. This paper can be used as a source or reference for others who are doing research.

Chapter II
Theoretical Basis
2.1       The definition of Sex
Sexual sense in general is something that is related to the genitals or other matters relating to intimate relationship between men and women.

2.2       The definition of sex education
Sex education can be interpreted as an illumination of the human anatomy and physiology of sex and the dangers of venereal disease. Sex education is an effort to guide and care for a person to understand the meaning, function, and purpose of sex, so he can distribute it with good, true, and legitimate. Sex education can be distinguished between sex instruction and education in sexuality. Sex instruction is learning about the anatomy, such as hair growth on the armpit, and on the biology of reproduction, that is the breed through his offspring to maintain the relationship. This includes coaching families and contraceptive methods in preventing pregnancy. Education in sexuality covers the fields of ethics, morals, physiology, economics, and other knowledge necessary for someone to understand herself as a sexual individual, and holding a good interpersonal relationship.
Sex education, which is sometimes called sexuality education or sex and relationships education, is the process of acquiring information and forming attitudes and beliefs about sex, sexual identity, relationships and intimacy. Sex education is also about developing young people's skills so they make informed choices about their behaviour, and feel confident and competent about acting on these choices. It is widely accepted that young people have a right to sex education. This is because it is a means by which they are helped to protect themselves against abuse, exploitation, unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV and AIDS. It is also argued that providing sex education helps to meet young people’s rights to information about matters that affect them, their right to have their needs met and to help them enjoy their sexuality and the relationships that they form.
Chapter III
Discussion of Problem

The youth of today is faced with modernization and it has brought a lot of negative consequences in their lives. A good “sex education” is needed so the youth can gather their acts together.
Sexual risk taking behavior has increased in the past decades and this has brought an increase in unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and abortions among others. Why are these behaviors bad, you may ask? Simply because it can ruin and risk their lives if they are suddenly become pregnant and their bodies are still young, it might cause maternal mortality too, and they might get STDs if they are having unprotected sex and multiple sex partners. Early pregnancy can affect their future as they need to stop going to school. A good “sex education” is the solution to these problems. My interest in this issue is borne by the concern about the future of the youth.
It is important sex education began at a young age and also that it is sustainable. Provide young people with basic information from an early age provides the foundation of more complex knowledge .For example, when they are very young, children learned about how people grow and change from time to time, and how babies become children and then adults, and this provides the basis on which they understand more detailed information about puberty that provided in pre-adolescent years. And also should be given information about viruses and germs that invade the body. This provides a basis to talk to children later about infections that can be transmitted through sexual contact. But the question now is Does sex education at an early age encourages young people to have sex?
Some people worry that provide information about sex and sexuality arouse curiosity and can lead to sexual experimentation. However, from the information we get in WEB, in a review of 48 studies of comprehensive sex and STD / HIV education programs in U.S. schools, there is strong evidence that the program does not increase sexual activity. Some of them reduce sexual activity, or increasing the level of use of condoms or other contraceptives, or both.23 important to remember that young people can store the information provided at any time, for the time when they need it later.
Now advances in the field of information technology has changed the view of the structure of community life. The negative impact of progress is the shift in values ​​and morals in society. Social moral values ​​once considered taboo and conflict with the norms of religion, not so by some teenagers.
* The reason why sex education are very important taught to students :
a. Can prevent sexual deviations and disorders.
b. Can maintain upright moral values​​.
c. Can cope with psychological disorders.
d. Can provide knowledge in dealing with child development.

Beside that,  the reason why is sex education so important are also because books, the media comprising advertising, television, magazines, and the internet. The problem is that these sources may or may not really provide them correct accurate information. As such, sex education will help in transferring authentic info and in the process also correct any miss information that they may have a part from adding to their already existing knowledge, sex education imparted through schools can prove to be a significant and effective method of bettering the youngster’s sex related knowledge, attitude, and behaviour. Sex education in school is important because many parents shy about talking / teaching their children. On this subject, educating children on sex related issues also requires one to know how to broach the subject, what information to impart and what to hold back. All these can be carefully handled by a trained sex educator, is a fact that more teens these days are engaging into premarital sex. This further underscores the need for sex education to students. This will help them make bettter informed decisions about their personal sexual activities, many argue that sex education also helps to lessen risk behaviour in teenagers engaging in unprotected sex which result in unwanted pregnancies and STDs.
Basically, sex education is best provided by the parents themselves. Realized through a parent in a family way of life as husband and wife are united in marriage. Sex education should be provided in an intimate and open heart to heart between parent and child. The difficulty that arises then is if the parents lack adequate knowledge (theoretically and objective) cause less open attitude and tend not to provide an understanding of sexual matters to children.
Seeing this fact, the family clearly need others in the effort of learning a natural complement to the nature of human sexuality. Other parties who are competent enough to add to and complement the knowledge of parents, a mediator between parents and children in providing sex education is schools.
The purpose of sex education in schools as expressed by the Federation of Family Life International are:
§   Understanding sexuality as part of the essence and normal life.
§   Understand the physical and emotional development of humans.
§   Understand and accept the individuality of personal growth pattern.
§   Understanding the reality of human sexuality and human reproduction.
§   Communicate effectively about the questions relating to sexuality and social behavior.
§   Knowing the personal and social consequences of sexual attitudes are not responsible.
§   Develop an attitude of responsibility in interpersonal relationships and social behavior.
§   Know and be able to take effective steps against deviation sexual behavior.
§   Planning for independence in the future, a place in society, marriage and family life.

©        The material given sex education in schools in accordance with levels of education are as follows :
-                      Primary School (SD) -> Mainly SD Class 5-6 (a teenager)
-                       Openness in the elderly.
-                      Direction will their perceptions about sex that it refers to 'sex' and is no longer about things outside of it (the relationship of men and women; the process of making the child; etc..).
-                      Differences between men and women.
-                       The introduction of body parts, organs, and functions.
-                      Using a language is good and true about sex à using scientific language, such as 'penis', 'Vagina'.
-                       The introduction of sex organs in a simple system.
-                      Anatomy of the reproductive system is simple.
-                      How to maintain health and cleanliness of body organs, including the sex organs / reproductive organs.
-                      Teach children to respect and protect her own body.

-                      Preparing children to enter puberty.
-                      The development of physical and psychological violence occurring in adolescents.
-                      Primary and secondary sexual characteristics.
-                      The occurrence of wet dreams.
-                      The process of ovulation and menstruation is simple.
-                      Provide insight to students about sexual education so that students can have a positive attitude and responsible behavior towards reproductive health in general.

Junior High School (SMP)
 
-                      Explaining sex organ system with sufficient detail.
-                      The process of pregnancy and childbirth a bit of detail.
-                      Little additional material about the pathological conditions in the system of sex organs.
-                      Expand what has been discussed in elementary grade 5 and 6, namely the identity of adolescents, the association, from where you came from, the birthing process, and moral responsibility in the association.
-                      More education leads to 'Safe Sex'. Not just for avoiding pregnancy, but also avoiding sexual diseases.

High School (SMA)
  
-                      Explain in detail and complete materials mentioned above, plus the dangers of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), especially HIV / AIDS.
-                      Explore more of what was given in elementary and secondary school that is psychologically male and female, understand family sociology, the problem of courtship and engagement, communication, choice of marriage or the celibate way of life, male and female relationships, precious human body, responsible ethical judgments responsible about sexual issues and marriage.
Although giving sex education is needed because it was very important, there is still the negative and positive impact for students. Giving sex education for students can give the advantage like  :
1. bring students balanced in terms of physical, spiritual, intellectual and emotional.
2. Know for sure and get the value of pure humanity and life with more rational.
3. Increasing concerns of adolescents against negative symptoms of sex.
4. Can alter the response to the perception of teens toward sex are more human and divine.
5. Teenagers can realize their own responsibility as a source of immortal offspring.
6. Knowing that may deflect kaedah pregnancy.
7. May shy away from a disease spread through sexual intercourse.
8. Adolescents are more convinced discuss sexual issues and complaints about problems they face or trying to find a solution.
9. Teenagers are not easily influenced by immoral activities.
10. Teenagers can harness the potential of each sex in terancang without memudaratkan self and spouse.
11. Adolescents aware of the role and functions of men as protectors and guardians of women.
12. Teenagers know the role of mother and father as well as the emphasis on the importance of kinship institutions and the responsibility to educate the children.

Although that sex education has many positive impact to students, but in the other side giving sex education sometimes can make the students do something wrong. So, there are some  of the negative impact bay giving sex education for students in school :
1. Teens consider sex as something interesting ,and can invite more things to know.
2. Damage the moral, social and religious of students that not easy to repair.
3. Stimulating the desire to try having sex in teenagers.
4. Teens will use the rule of prevent pregnancy by more often to do what is held as a sex survived.
5. The introduction of sex education will be considered by adolescents as a decrease in the power and right of each sex.



Chapter IV
Closing
J  Conclusion
Based on the results of the discussion above about sex education, we can conclude that :
§  Currently, Sex Education is a necessity that can not be ruled out or covered up again, for the sake of the future of the youth of Indonesia.
§  There are some attitudes that people hold about sex that affects the provision of Sex Education, from traditional to ignorance.
§  Norms of religion is very important in Indonesia because it is very useful in giving Sex Education. Sex education should be provided in accordance with religious norms.
§  The role of government regarding sex education is very low. In fact, the full support of the government can facilitate each school to decide on a reasonable standard of sex education is taught to students at the school.
§  Sex Education comes from many sources of knowledge outside the school, both useful (such as a parent, World AIDS Day and NGOs such as IPPA) and adverse (such as pornographic materials, and peers).
§  Space School Sex Education is able to provide to young people.
§  Sex Education is provided in a balanced approach between biological and sociological knowledge beneficial to the youth, and can assist in making good decisions in life.
J  Suggestion
The main focus of Sex Education is education and knowledge, which doesn’t always lead to things that specific to sex. It is important because sex education will save the youth from the state of unhealthy or dangerious thing for their health and future. So, it is clear that sex education is needed for the generation of nation, and not regarded sex education as a taboo and not covered up again. Beside that,
school should take a role to provide sex education for their students. so, all that things can happen, it’s also takes the role of  government acts to set the standard of teaching sex. in addition, also required a lot more money in the field of education, so each student can gets the same opportunity to access the information which is needed for them. Sex Education Program in the future are expected to achieve a balance between knowledge and cultural norms become in harmony with the teaching of religion in Indonesia. it is indeed difficult, but for the sake of the future of Indonesian society that is the basis for all of us as things that need attention to progress together.



References
Internet Resources
§  http://dhani.blogspot.com/2004_06_01_dhani_archive.html, 25 Nopember 2004
§  Departemen Pendidikan Nasional RI
§  http://www.pdk.go.id, 10 Nopember 2004
§  http://www.puskur.or.id, 10 Nopember 2004
§  http://www.google.co.id/ pendidikan seks
§  belajarpsikologi.com/pentingnya-pendidikan-seks-sex-education/
§  lifestyle.okezone.com/read/.../pentingnya-pendidikan-seks-pada-anak
§  flyuly.com/pentingnya-pendidikan-seks-bagi-remaja
§  www.scribd.com › School WorkHomework
§  ‘Seminar Seks dan remaja SMUN Parung’, Republika, 13 Mei 2002
§  ‘Kita Alpa Memuliakan Anak’ Republika, 23 Mei 2004
§  ‘Bersahabat dengan Si Muda Belia’, Republika, 9 Sep 2004
§  Baldo, M et al, ‘Does Sex Education Lead to Earlier or Increased Sexual Activity in Youth?’ Presented at the Ninth International Conference n AIDS, Berlin, June 6-19, 1993. Geneva, Switzerland: World Heath Organization
§  Hasmi, E. (2001) ‘Adolescent Reproductive Health Policy in Indonesia’
§  Utomo, Iwu Dwiseyani (1999) ‘Sexuality among Jakarta Middle Class Young People’ Asian People and Cities, Newsletter of the Asian Urban Center of KOBE (AUICK). 1999. Pp. 15-21.
§  Utomo, Iwu Dwiseyani (2003) ‘Adolescent and Youth Reproductive Health in Indonesia: Status, Issues, Policies and Programs’ Policy Project,




Author’s Biography

ü  Fadilah Madjid
Fadilah Madjid, was born in Maros, 11 December 1994. Live in Dr. Ratulangi Street number 54 B. The writer’s began her studying  at Elementary School  22 Bontokapetta (2000-2006) Then, Junior High School 2 Maros (2006-2009), and continued in SMAN 1 Maros. The writer’s like reading book and watching.



ü  Mu’ minat Nur
Mu’ minat Nur, was born in Maros, May 17 1995. Live in Perumnas Tumalia Blok E/58. The writer’s began her studying at Primary school 60 Inpres Tumalia then Junior High School 2 Maros and continue in SMAN 1 Maros. The writer’s hobby Sport / playing badminton and she want to become an accountant.



ü  A. Astuti Adiningsih
A. Astuti Adiningsih, was born in Ujungpandang, June 29 1994. Live in Palu Cipta Blok A 1. The writer’s began her studying at Primary school 22 Barandasi then Junior High School 2 Maros and continue in SMAN 1 Maros. The writer’s hobby is reading a novel and she wants to become a teacher.



ü  A. Dian Pelita Waty
A. Dian Pelita Wati, was born in Maros, May 5 1994. The writer’s began her studying in Elementary School 2 Maros, Then Junior High School 1 Maros, and continue in SMAN 1 Maros. Now he lived in BTN Palu Cipta  and Her Hobby is reading comic and the ambition is become an accountant.




ü  A. Muh. Amril
A. Muh. Amril, was born in Maros, May 5 1994. The writer’s began her studying in Elementary School 2 excellent Maros, Then Junior High School 2 Maros, and continue in SMAN 1 Maros. Now he lived in BTN Palu Cipta  Blok B 13 and His Hobby is Playing music ( Drum) and the ambition is become a Businesman.




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