“The
Importance of Sex Education for Students”
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1. Background
Today, Indonesia is experiencing an intense period of
development, both in terms of economic development and socio-cultural
development. One aspect of social change evident in Indonesia is related to
sex. Teenagers and young people are changing their attitudes, ideas and
behaviour in relation to sex. Amongst these groups, higher rates of pre-marital
and high-risk sexual behaviour are being recorded by various NGO’s working in
the area of reproductive health. A number of associated social problems have
emerged such as high rates of unplanned teen pregnancy, high rates of
transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections including HIV/AIDS, and a
general lack of understanding regarding sex. These aspects reveal a lack of an
adequate Sexual and Reproductive Health Education program institutionalised
across schools of Indonesia.
This
paper focuses on the school environment as one institution in society that has
the opportunity to reach a large proportion of Indonesia’s youth, because
schools have a great role to play in protecting youth today’s with knowledge.
However,
it is evident that few schools are taking advantage of this opportunity and
most are providing limited Sexual and Reproductive Health Education. With
little support or guidance from the government, schools provide 2 what
information they see fit, largely influenced by the religious and societal
norms surrounding the school. As a result, Sex Education in Indonesia is
limited, with a focus on the biological side of reproductive health, and
Abstinence-Only focused lessons.
In some schools, Sexual and Reproductive Health
Education was quite limited, while others utilised community resources such as
the services of NGO’s to provide a fuller and more rounded program to students.
Students today are, in general, supportive of Sex
Education. While significantly more
Westernised than their parent’s generation, Indonesian
youth of today still hold religious values quite highly. In relation to Sexual
and Reproductive Health, the students researched in this field study were keen
to have more access to knowledge, provided by schools as a trusted source of
information and provided in such a way as to be in harmony with their religious
values. If such information was unavailable in schools, youth were likely to go
to the mass media (especially the internet and various popular pornographic
materials) for such information.
The topic of sex in general is still regarded as
somewhat taboo in Indonesia, and is not generally discussed in clear terms.
This is an attitude that is changing with time.
1.2 Problem Statements
Based on the description
above, we can be drawn the problems
that will be discussed in writing of this paper, that is:
a. Why is Sex Education important ?
b.
What kind of sex education can be taught
to students ?
c.
What is the negative and positive impact
of giving sex education in school ?
1.3 The Purpose of
Writing
In
accordance with
the problems above,
the goals to be
achieved in this study
are :
a.
To Know the reason why is sex education
important.
b. To know what kinds of sex education can be taught to students.
c. To know the negative and positive impact of
giving sex education in school.
1.4 The benefits of writing
a. Increase the knowledge or insight of readers about various things
concerning the importance of sex education, especially for teenagers and
students.
b. A reference for parents to better supervise
their children again in the association and in face of globalization that bring
many changes and influence for students.
c. This
paper can be used as a source or reference for others who are doing research.
Chapter
II
Theoretical
Basis
2.1 The definition of Sex
Sexual sense
in general is something that is related to the genitals or other matters relating to intimate relationship between
men and women.
2.2 The definition of sex education
Sex education can be interpreted as an illumination of the human anatomy
and physiology of sex and the dangers of venereal disease. Sex education is an
effort to guide and care for a person to understand the meaning, function, and
purpose of sex, so he can distribute it with good, true, and legitimate. Sex
education can be distinguished between sex instruction and education in
sexuality. Sex instruction is learning about the anatomy, such as hair growth
on the armpit, and on the biology of reproduction, that is the breed through
his offspring to maintain the relationship. This includes coaching families and
contraceptive methods in preventing pregnancy. Education in sexuality covers
the fields of ethics, morals, physiology, economics, and other knowledge
necessary for someone to understand herself as a sexual individual, and holding
a good interpersonal relationship.
Sex
education, which is sometimes called sexuality education or sex and
relationships education, is the process of acquiring information and forming
attitudes and beliefs about sex, sexual
identity, relationships and intimacy. Sex education is also about developing
young people's skills so they make informed choices about their behaviour, and
feel confident and competent about acting on these choices. It is widely
accepted that young people have a right to sex education. This is because it is
a means by which they are helped to protect themselves against abuse,
exploitation, unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV and AIDS. It is also argued that providing
sex education helps to meet young people’s rights to information about matters
that affect them, their right to have their needs met and to help them enjoy
their sexuality and the relationships that they form.
Chapter
III
Discussion
of Problem
The youth of today is faced with
modernization and it has brought a lot of negative consequences in their lives.
A good “sex education” is needed so the youth can gather their acts together.
Sexual risk taking behavior has
increased in the past decades and this has brought an increase in unwanted
pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and abortions among others.
Why are these behaviors bad, you may ask? Simply because it can ruin and risk
their lives if they are suddenly become pregnant and their bodies are still
young, it might cause maternal mortality too, and they might get STDs if they
are having unprotected sex and multiple sex partners. Early pregnancy can
affect their future as they need to stop going to school. A good “sex
education” is the solution to these problems. My interest in this issue is
borne by the concern about the future of the youth.
It is important sex
education began at a young age and also
that it is sustainable. Provide
young people with basic information
from an early age provides the foundation of more complex
knowledge .For example, when they are very young,
children learned about how people grow and change
from time to time, and how babies become
children and then adults, and this provides
the basis on which they understand more detailed information about puberty
that provided in pre-adolescent years. And also should be given information
about viruses and germs that invade the body. This provides a basis to
talk to children later about infections that can
be transmitted through sexual
contact. But the question now is Does sex education at an early age encourages young people to have sex?
Some
people worry that provide information about
sex and sexuality arouse curiosity and can
lead to sexual experimentation.
However, from the information we get in WEB, in a review of 48
studies of comprehensive sex
and STD / HIV
education programs in U.S. schools,
there is strong evidence
that the program does not increase sexual activity.
Some of them
reduce sexual activity, or increasing the level of use of condoms or
other contraceptives, or both.23 important to remember that young people
can store the information provided
at any time, for the
time when they need it later.
Now
advances in the field of information technology has
changed the view of the structure
of community life. The negative impact
of progress is the shift in values and morals in society. Social moral
values once considered taboo and conflict
with the norms of
religion, not so by some teenagers.
* The reason why sex education are very important
taught to students :
a.
Can prevent sexual
deviations and disorders.
b. Can maintain upright moral values.
c. Can cope with psychological disorders.
d. Can provide knowledge in dealing with child development.
b. Can maintain upright moral values.
c. Can cope with psychological disorders.
d. Can provide knowledge in dealing with child development.
Beside that, the reason why is sex education so important
are also because books, the media comprising advertising, television,
magazines, and the internet. The problem is that these sources may or may not
really provide them correct accurate information. As such, sex education will
help in transferring authentic info and in the process also correct any miss
information that they may have a part from adding to their already existing
knowledge, sex education imparted through schools can prove to be a significant
and effective method of bettering the youngster’s sex related knowledge,
attitude, and behaviour. Sex education in school is important because many
parents shy about talking / teaching their children. On this subject, educating
children on sex related issues also requires one to know how to broach the
subject, what information to impart and what to hold back. All these can be
carefully handled by a trained sex educator, is a fact that more teens these
days are engaging into premarital sex. This further underscores the need for
sex education to students. This will help them make bettter informed decisions
about their personal sexual activities, many argue that sex education also
helps to lessen risk behaviour in teenagers engaging in unprotected sex which
result in unwanted pregnancies and STDs.
Basically, sex education is best provided by the parents themselves. Realized
through a parent in a family way of life as husband and wife are united in
marriage. Sex education should be provided in an intimate and open heart to
heart between parent and child. The difficulty that arises then is if the
parents lack adequate knowledge (theoretically and objective) cause less open
attitude and tend not to provide an understanding of sexual matters to
children.
Seeing this fact, the family clearly need others in the effort of learning
a natural complement to the nature of human sexuality. Other parties who are
competent enough to add to and complement the knowledge of parents, a mediator
between parents and children in providing sex education is schools.
The purpose of sex education in schools as expressed by the Federation of
Family Life International are:
§
Understanding sexuality as part of the essence and
normal life.
§
Understand the physical and emotional development of
humans.
§
Understand and accept the individuality of personal
growth pattern.
§
Understanding the reality of human sexuality and human
reproduction.
§
Communicate effectively about the questions relating
to sexuality and social behavior.
§
Knowing the personal and social consequences of sexual
attitudes are not responsible.
§
Develop an attitude of responsibility in interpersonal
relationships and social behavior.
§
Know and be able to take effective steps against
deviation sexual behavior.
§
Planning for independence in the future, a place in
society, marriage and family life.
©
The
material given sex education in schools in accordance with levels of education
are as follows :
-
Primary
School (SD) -> Mainly SD Class 5-6 (a teenager)
-
Openness
in the elderly.
-
Direction
will their perceptions about sex that it refers to 'sex' and is no longer about
things outside of it (the relationship of men and women; the process of making
the child; etc..).
-
Differences
between men and women.
-
The
introduction of body parts, organs, and functions.
-
Using
a language is good and true about sex à using scientific language, such as
'penis', 'Vagina'.
-
The
introduction of sex organs in a simple system.
-
Anatomy
of the reproductive system is simple.
-
How
to maintain health and cleanliness of body organs, including the sex organs /
reproductive organs.
-
Teach
children to respect and protect her own body.
-
Preparing
children to enter puberty.
-
The
development of physical and psychological violence occurring in adolescents.
-
Primary
and secondary sexual characteristics.
-
The
occurrence of wet dreams.
-
The
process of ovulation and menstruation is simple.
-
Provide
insight to students about sexual education so that students can have a positive
attitude and responsible behavior towards reproductive health in general.
Junior High School (SMP)
Junior High School (SMP)
-
Explaining
sex organ system with sufficient detail.
-
The
process of pregnancy and childbirth a bit of detail.
-
Little
additional material about the pathological conditions in the system of sex
organs.
-
Expand
what has been discussed in elementary grade 5 and 6, namely the identity of
adolescents, the association, from where you came from, the birthing process,
and moral responsibility in the association.
-
More
education leads to 'Safe Sex'. Not just for avoiding pregnancy, but also
avoiding sexual diseases.
High School (SMA)
High School (SMA)
-
Explain
in detail and complete materials mentioned above, plus the dangers of sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs), especially HIV / AIDS.
-
Explore more of what was given in elementary and secondary
school that is psychologically male and female, understand family sociology,
the problem of courtship and engagement, communication, choice of marriage or
the celibate way of life, male and female relationships, precious human body,
responsible ethical judgments responsible
about sexual issues and marriage.
Although
giving sex education is needed because it was very important, there is still
the negative and positive impact for students. Giving sex education for
students can give the advantage like :
1. bring students balanced in terms of physical,
spiritual, intellectual and emotional.
2. Know for sure and get the value of pure humanity and life with more rational.
3. Increasing concerns of adolescents against negative symptoms of sex.
4. Can alter the response to the perception of teens toward sex are more human and divine.
5. Teenagers can realize their own responsibility as a source of immortal offspring.
6. Knowing that may deflect kaedah pregnancy.
7. May shy away from a disease spread through sexual intercourse.
8. Adolescents are more convinced discuss sexual issues and complaints about problems they face or trying to find a solution.
9. Teenagers are not easily influenced by immoral activities.
10. Teenagers can harness the potential of each sex in terancang without memudaratkan self and spouse.
11. Adolescents aware of the role and functions of men as protectors and guardians of women.
12. Teenagers know the role of mother and father as well as the emphasis on the importance of kinship institutions and the responsibility to educate the children.
2. Know for sure and get the value of pure humanity and life with more rational.
3. Increasing concerns of adolescents against negative symptoms of sex.
4. Can alter the response to the perception of teens toward sex are more human and divine.
5. Teenagers can realize their own responsibility as a source of immortal offspring.
6. Knowing that may deflect kaedah pregnancy.
7. May shy away from a disease spread through sexual intercourse.
8. Adolescents are more convinced discuss sexual issues and complaints about problems they face or trying to find a solution.
9. Teenagers are not easily influenced by immoral activities.
10. Teenagers can harness the potential of each sex in terancang without memudaratkan self and spouse.
11. Adolescents aware of the role and functions of men as protectors and guardians of women.
12. Teenagers know the role of mother and father as well as the emphasis on the importance of kinship institutions and the responsibility to educate the children.
Although that sex education has many positive impact
to students, but in the other side giving sex education sometimes can make the
students do something wrong. So, there are some
of the negative impact bay giving sex education for students in school :
1.
Teens consider sex as something interesting ,and can invite more things to know.
2.
Damage the moral, social and religious of students that not easy to repair.
3.
Stimulating the desire to try having sex in teenagers.
4. Teens will use the rule of prevent pregnancy by more often to
do what is held as a sex survived.
5. The introduction of sex
education will be considered by adolescents as a decrease in the power and
right of each sex.
Chapter IV
Closing
J Conclusion
Based
on the
results of the
discussion above about
sex
education,
we
can
conclude that :
§ Currently,
Sex Education
is a necessity
that can not be
ruled out
or
covered up
again,
for the sake of
the future of
the
youth
of Indonesia.
§ There
are some attitudes
that people
hold about
sex that
affects the provision
of Sex
Education, from
traditional
to
ignorance.
§ Norms
of religion
is very
important
in
Indonesia
because it is very
useful in
giving
Sex Education.
Sex
education
should be
provided in accordance
with
religious norms.
§ The
role of
government
regarding
sex education
is very
low.
In fact,
the full support
of
the government can
facilitate
each school
to
decide
on
a reasonable
standard of
sex education
is taught
to students
at the
school.
§ Sex
Education comes
from
many
sources
of knowledge
outside the
school,
both useful
(such
as a parent,
World AIDS
Day and
NGOs
such as
IPPA)
and
adverse
(such
as pornographic
materials,
and peers).
§ Space
School
Sex Education
is able to provide
to young people.
§ Sex
Education is
provided
in a balanced
approach
between
biological
and
sociological
knowledge
beneficial to the
youth,
and
can
assist
in making
good decisions
in life.
J Suggestion
The main
focus of Sex Education is education and knowledge, which doesn’t always lead to
things that specific to sex. It is important because sex education will save
the youth from the state of unhealthy or dangerious thing for their health and
future. So, it is clear that sex education is needed for the generation of
nation, and not regarded sex education as a taboo and not covered up again.
Beside that,
school should take a role to provide sex education for their students. so, all that things can happen, it’s also takes the role of government acts to set the standard of teaching sex. in addition, also required a lot more money in the field of education, so each student can gets the same opportunity to access the information which is needed for them. Sex Education Program in the future are expected to achieve a balance between knowledge and cultural norms become in harmony with the teaching of religion in Indonesia. it is indeed difficult, but for the sake of the future of Indonesian society that is the basis for all of us as things that need attention to progress together.
school should take a role to provide sex education for their students. so, all that things can happen, it’s also takes the role of government acts to set the standard of teaching sex. in addition, also required a lot more money in the field of education, so each student can gets the same opportunity to access the information which is needed for them. Sex Education Program in the future are expected to achieve a balance between knowledge and cultural norms become in harmony with the teaching of religion in Indonesia. it is indeed difficult, but for the sake of the future of Indonesian society that is the basis for all of us as things that need attention to progress together.
References
Internet Resources
§ http://dhani.blogspot.com/2004_06_01_dhani_archive.html, 25 Nopember 2004
§ Departemen
Pendidikan Nasional RI
§ http://www.pdk.go.id, 10 Nopember 2004
§ http://www.puskur.or.id, 10 Nopember 2004
§ belajarpsikologi.com/pentingnya-pendidikan-seks-sex-education/
§ lifestyle.okezone.com/read/.../pentingnya-pendidikan-seks-pada-anak
§ flyuly.com/pentingnya-pendidikan-seks-bagi-remaja
§ ‘Seminar Seks dan
remaja SMUN Parung’, Republika, 13 Mei 2002
§ ‘Kita Alpa
Memuliakan Anak’ Republika, 23 Mei 2004
§ ‘Bersahabat dengan
Si Muda Belia’, Republika, 9 Sep 2004
§ Baldo, M et al, ‘Does
Sex Education Lead to Earlier or Increased Sexual Activity in Youth?’ Presented
at the Ninth International Conference n AIDS, Berlin, June 6-19, 1993. Geneva,
Switzerland: World Heath Organization
§ Hasmi, E. (2001) ‘Adolescent
Reproductive Health Policy in Indonesia’
§ Utomo, Iwu Dwiseyani
(1999) ‘Sexuality among Jakarta Middle Class Young People’ Asian People
and Cities, Newsletter of the Asian Urban Center of KOBE (AUICK). 1999. Pp.
15-21.
§ Utomo, Iwu Dwiseyani
(2003) ‘Adolescent and Youth Reproductive Health in Indonesia: Status,
Issues, Policies and Programs’ Policy Project,
Author’s
Biography
ü Fadilah
Madjid
Fadilah
Madjid, was born in Maros, 11 December 1994. Live in Dr. Ratulangi Street
number 54 B. The writer’s began her studying at Elementary School 22 Bontokapetta (2000-2006)
Then, Junior High School 2 Maros (2006-2009),
and continued in SMAN 1 Maros. The writer’s like reading book and watching.
ü Mu’
minat Nur
Mu’
minat Nur, was born in Maros, May 17 1995. Live in Perumnas Tumalia Blok E/58.
The writer’s began her studying at Primary school 60 Inpres Tumalia then Junior
High School 2 Maros and continue in SMAN 1 Maros. The writer’s hobby Sport /
playing badminton and she want to become an accountant.
ü A.
Astuti Adiningsih
A.
Astuti Adiningsih, was born in Ujungpandang, June 29 1994. Live in Palu Cipta
Blok A 1. The writer’s began her studying at Primary school 22 Barandasi then
Junior High School 2 Maros and continue in SMAN 1 Maros. The writer’s hobby is
reading a novel and she wants to become a teacher.
ü A.
Dian Pelita Waty
A.
Dian Pelita Wati, was born in Maros, May 5 1994. The writer’s began her
studying in Elementary School 2 Maros, Then Junior High School 1 Maros, and
continue in SMAN 1 Maros. Now he lived in BTN Palu Cipta and Her Hobby is reading comic and the
ambition is become an accountant.
ü A.
Muh. Amril
A.
Muh. Amril, was born in Maros, May 5 1994. The writer’s began her studying in
Elementary School 2 excellent Maros, Then Junior High School 2 Maros, and
continue in SMAN 1 Maros. Now he lived in BTN Palu Cipta Blok B 13 and His Hobby is Playing music (
Drum) and the ambition is become a Businesman.
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